Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and severe respiratory disease featuring airway obstruction and recurrent exacerbations, driven by a complex network of inflammatory processes. In their Review, Agusti and co-authors appraise drugs in development for COPD including recently approved antibodies targeting IL-4 and IL-5 signalling. They discuss opportunities to improve the success of future interventions, including considerations to optimize clinical trial design.

RNA can be chemically modified by enzymes such as methyltransferases to regulate RNA metabolism, gene expression and other biological processes. This Review mainly focuses on the disease-relevant N⁶-methyladenosine RNA modification pathway and discusses efforts to therapeutically target N⁶-methyladenosine writer, eraser and reader proteins.

The potential of microsystem technologies to accelerate the development and clinical translation of immunotherapies is now being realized. This Review discusses recent advances in microsystem technologies, illustrating how their application can address key challenges related to the efficacy, toxicity, predictability and affordability of immunotherapeutics. Future directions and ongoing challenges facing the clinical translation of these technologies are discussed.  

This Review outlines recent advances in synthetic lethality, from CRISPR-based discovery and machine learning-guided prioritization of gene pairs to new phenotypic readouts, highlighting emerging strategies to overcome translational barriers and unlock the therapeutic potential of targeting context-specific genetic dependencies in cancer.