This Consensus Statement provides a nomenclature framework and experimental recommendations for studying mitochondrial transfer and transplantation.

In this Review, the authors present a roadmap towards achieving consensus on development, analysis and interpretation of single-cell transcriptomics data in adipose tissue, including discussion of roadblocks, best practices and ideal cell-type markers for annotation of adipose tissue cell types in mice and humans.

In this Review, the authors provide a detailed overview of insulin signalling and its dysfunction, highlighting new therapeutic opportunities.

Nshanian et al. investigate the differential effects of the short-chain fatty acids propionate and butyrate on chromatin remodelling and gain insight into the mechanisms that drive selective histone acylation.

Saber et al. show that the lipase DDHD2 provides endogenous saturated fatty acids to support fatty acid oxidation and energy production, proteostasis and membrane trafficking balance.

Hepatocyte caspase-8 in MASH promotes the activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis through an apoptosis-independent mechanism

Persistent microglial activation upon ischaemic injury leads to the formation of stroke-associated foamy microglia, perpetuating long-term inflammation, white matter damage and functional impairments. These effects can be ameliorated by reducing microglial cholesterol overload through activation of CYP46A1.

The authors introduce the Neurolipid Atlas, a dynamic resource for the community to gain insight into lipid alterations in neurodegenerative disease, and they leverage the platform to show how cholesterol alterations in astrocytes can dysregulate neuroinflammatory pathways in Alzheimer disease.

The authors provide a comprehensive characterization of how glutamine uptake and utilization regulate macrophage function in atherosclerosis.

Using data from the UK Biobank, the authors develop a comprehensive human metabolome–phenome atlas, including a browsable web tool, to uncover unique metabolite–trait and metabolite–disease associations with time, and discuss potential causal relationships.

The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) class of medicines has emerged as transformative for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other diseases. On the twentieth anniversary of the approval of exenatide (Byetta), three former employees of Amylin Pharmaceuticals acknowledge the contributions of some of the individuals and the innovation responsible for delivering the first approved GLP-1RA — the forerunner to the modern blockbuster drugs.

Social media has become a go-to source for nutritional advice, and a space in which influencers compete with, and often drown out, evidence-based guidance. The scientific community should counter this viral spread of misinformation by making trustworthy information more accessible.

Obesity is a global public health concern closely linked to cardiometabolic complications. This Comment provides our views on recent breakthroughs, emerging innovations and future needs of therapeutic interventions to counteract obesity and its associated health risks.