runo

From English rune, German Rune, and similar terms.

• IPA^(key): /ˈruno/
• Rhymes: -uno
• Syllabification: ru‧no

runo (accusative singular runon, plural runoj, accusative plural runojn)

1. rune

• “runo”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “runo”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Borrowed from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), possibly from Proto-Celtic *rūnā. Compare English rune and Swedish runa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈruno/, [ˈruno̞]
• Rhymes: -uno
• Syllabification^(key): ru‧no
• Hyphenation^(key): ru‧no

runo

1. poem (piece of poetry)
2. synonym of runous (“poetry”)
3. rune (only in the rare sense of a Finnish poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala)
4. (obsolete) singer, poet

• → Ingrian: runo

• Luokka:Runot on the Finnish Wikisource.Wikisource ^fi

• “runo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

• noru, nuor-, ruon

Borrowed from Finnish runo.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈruno/, [ˈruno̞ˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈruno/, [ˈruno̞ˑ]
• Rhymes: -uno
• Hyphenation: ru‧no

runo

1. rune (Finnic poem)
   • 1934, V. I. Junus, Lukukirja inkeroisia oppikoteja vart (neljäs klassa), Leningrad: Riikin Izdatelstvo Kirja, page 3:

     Senen peräst kyläs laahittii kaaskoja, arvotuksia, laululoja, runoloja.

     Because of this in the villages they devised fairy tales, riddles, songs, runes.

Declension of runo (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	runo	runot
genitive	runon	runnoin, runoloin
partitive	runnoa	runoja, runoloja
illative	runnoo	runnoi, runoloihe
inessive	runos	runois, runolois
elative	runost	runoist, runoloist
allative	runolle	runoille, runoloille
adessive	runol	runoil, runoloil
ablative	runolt	runoilt, runoloilt
translative	runoks	runoiks, runoloiks
essive	runonna, runnoon	runoinna, runoloinna, runnoin, runoloin
exessive1)	runont	runoint, runoloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.nɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -unɔ
• Syllabification: ru‧no

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *runo.

runo n

1. fleece
2. undergrowth (in a forest)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

runo f

1. vocative singular of runa

• “runo”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “runo”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[3] (in Polish)

• urno

runo

1. romanization of ᚱᚢᚾᛟ

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *runo.

• IPA^(key): /rǔːno/

rúno n (Cyrillic spelling ру́но)

1. fleece

• “runo”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

runo (Cyrillic spelling руно)

1. vocative singular of runa

From Proto-Slavic *runo. First attested in the 19th century.

• IPA^(key): /rùːnɔ/, /rúːnɔ/

rūno n

1. fleece

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Neuter, hard
nominative	rúno
genitive	rúna
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	rúno
genitive (rodȋlnik)	rúna
dative (dajȃlnik)	rúnu
accusative (tožȋlnik)	rúno
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	rúnu
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	rúnom

• “runo”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “runo”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

From runa (“rune”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈruno/ [ˈru.no]
• Rhymes: -uno
• Syllabification: ru‧no

runo (feminine runa, masculine plural runos, feminine plural runas)

1. (obsolete) runic

   Synonym: rúnico

• “runo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

From Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), perhaps through Finnish runo (possibly as a learned borrowing).

runo

1. poem
2. rune (Finnic poem)

Inflection of runo (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	runo
genitive sing.	runon
partitive sing.	runod
partitive plur.	runoid
	singular	plural
nominative	runo	runod
accusative	runon	runod
genitive	runon	runoiden
partitive	runod	runoid
essive-instructive	runon	runoin
translative	runoks	runoikš
inessive	runos	runoiš
elative	runospäi	runoišpäi
illative	runoho	runoihe
adessive	runol	runoil
ablative	runolpäi	runoilpäi
allative	runole	runoile
abessive	runota	runoita
comitative	runonke	runoidenke
prolative	runodme	runoidme
approximative I	runonno	runoidenno
approximative II	runonnoks	runoidennoks
egressive	runonnopäi	runoidennopäi
terminative I	runohosai	runoihesai
terminative II	runolesai	runoilesai
terminative III	runossai	—
additive I	runohopäi	runoihepäi
additive II	runolepäi	runoilepäi

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “руна, стихотворение”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[4], Petrozavodsk: Periodika