kuna

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kúna/ку́на.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuːnə/
• Rhymes: -uːnə

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

kuna (plural kunas or kune)

1. The former (until 2023) currency of Croatia, divided into 100 lipa.

• “kuna”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

• Kuan, NKAU

• guna

From Proto-Karnic *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

kuna

1. excrement, faeces, shit

• Barry Alpher (2004), “Proto-Pama-Nyungan Etyma”, in Claire Bowern, Harold Koch, editors, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, section 5.1, pages 439–42

kuna

1. to see

Inherited from Old Czech kuna, from Proto-Slavic *kuna.

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuna]

• Audio:

  (file)

kuna f (relational adjective kuní or kunový)

1. marten
2. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

• “kuna”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kuna”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kuna”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

From Proto-Karnic *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

kuna

1. excrement, faeces, shit

• Barry Alpher (2004), “Proto-Pama-Nyungan Etyma”, in Claire Bowern, Harold Koch, editors, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, section 5.1, pages 439–42

From kun + -a.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuna/
• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: ku‧na

kuna (accusative singular kunan, plural kunaj, accusative plural kunajn)

1. joint; combined

• “kuna”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “kuna”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Originally essive singular form of Proto-Finnic *ku.

kuna

1. because

   Ma ei lähe homme kooli, kuna ma pean linna minema.

   I won't go to school tomorrow, because I have to go to the city.

2. as, when, at the same time as

   Ema tõusis hommikul varakult, kuna pere jäi veel magama.

   Mother rose early, as the family was still sleeping.

• sest

kuna (not comparable)

1. (interrogative, colloquial) when

   Kuna me rahad siis saame?

   When will we get our money then?

• kunas
• millal

• IPA^(key): /ˈkunɑ/, [ˈkunɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -unɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ku‧na
• Hyphenation^(key): ku‧na

From Serbo-Croatian kuna.

kuna

1. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

• “kuna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

kuna

1. (interrogative, archaic) essive singular of kuka
2. (indefinite, archaic) essive singular of kuka

• akun, naku

From Serbo-Croatian kuna.

kuna m or f (plural kunas)

1. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

• Used as a masculine and a feminine noun interchangeably

From Proto-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈku.na/, [ˈku.nə]

kuna

1. a variety of freshwater eel

• Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986), “kuna”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuna/
• Hyphenation: ku‧na

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦸꦤ (kuna).

kuna

1. alternative spelling of kuno (“ancient”)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kúna/ку́на.

kuna (plural kuna-kuna)

1. kuna: the former (until 2023) currency of Croatia, divided into 100 lipa

• “kuna”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

kuna f (plural kune)

1. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

kuna

1. romanization of ꦏꦸꦤ

kuna

1. there

kuna

1. to plant
2. to sow

kuna

1. there

Borrowed from Kongo kuna.

kuna

1. there

• “kuna” in Ekolongonelo ya Lingala: an introductory course, page 25

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuna]

kuna f

1. marten

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “kuna”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999), “kuna”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

From Proto-Ngayarda *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

• IPA^(key): /kuna/

kuna

1. dung, poo, excrement, shit

• Barry Alpher (2004), “Proto-Pama-Nyungan Etyma”, in Claire Bowern, Harold Koch, editors, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, section 5.1, pages 439–42
• Dench, Alan Charles. 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125.

kuna

1. crib; cradle

From Proto-Central New South Wales *gunang, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

kuna

1. excrement, faeces, shit

• Barry Alpher (2004), “Proto-Pama-Nyungan Etyma”, in Claire Bowern, Harold Koch, editors, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, section 5.1, pages 439–42

From Serbo-Croatian kúna, ку́на (“marten”).

kuna m (definite singular kunaen, indefinite plural kunaar or kunaer, definite plural kunaane or kunaene)

1. (numismatics) kuna

• “kuna” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʊnɐ]

kuna

1. excrement, dung
2. bowels

From Proto-Karnic *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

kuna

1. dung, poo, excrement, shit

kuna

1. (intransitive) to defecate

• kunakirra

• Barry Alpher (2004), “Proto-Pama-Nyungan Etyma”, in Claire Bowern, Harold Koch, editors, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, section 5.1, pages 439–42

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: ku‧na
• Homophone: Kuna

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kuna.

kuna f (related adjective kuni)

1. marten (any mustelid of the genus Martes)
2. leather marten skin
3. (historical) jougs (chained iron collar)

   Synonym: kunica

4. (Kuyavia) certain part of a wagon
   1. (Łowicz, Strugienice, Złaków Borowy) iron fitting at the front of a wagon connecting it to the driver's seat such that a double iron belt is inserted between the nose and the under-axle
5. (Kuyavia) iron hoop at a church door to which criminals are attached
6. (Near Masovian, Western Lublin, Chmielnik) hoop in which the trunnion of a barn's tower rotates

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kuna.

kuna f

1. (historical) kuna (former currency of Croatia)

Clipping of kurwa.

kuna

1. (minced oath) moderately vulgar swearword

• “kuna I”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “kuna II”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “kuna”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[4] (in Polish)
• kuna in PWN's encyclopedia
• Józef Bliziński (1860), “kuna”, in Abecadłowy spis wyrazów języka ludowego w Kujawach i Galicyi Zachodniej (in Polish), Warszawa, page 624
• Oskar Kolberg (1867), “kuna”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 272
• Władysław Matlakowski (1891), “kuna”, in “Zbiór wyrazów ludowych dawnej ziemi czerskiej”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności‎^[5], volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 364
• Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “kuna”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 212
• Halina Świderska (1929), “kuna”, in Dialekt Księstwa Łowickiego (in Polish), Warsaw, →ISBN, page 110

kuna m or f (plural kunas)

1. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

• “kuna”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

• kn (abbreviation, numismatics)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kuna.

• IPA^(key): /kǔːna/
• Hyphenation: ku‧na

kúna f (Cyrillic spelling ку́на)

1. marten
2. kuna (former currency of Croatia, until 2023)

• “kuna”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kuna.

• IPA^(key): /kuna/, [ˈkuna]
• Rhymes: -una
• Hyphenation: ku‧na

kuna f (relational adjective kuní)

1. marten
2. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

• “kuna”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kuna. First attested in the 16th century.

• IPA^(key): /kùːna/

kúna f

1. marten
2. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	kúna
gen. sing.	kúne
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	kúna	kúni	kúne
genitive (rodȋlnik)	kúne	kún	kún
dative (dajȃlnik)	kúni	kúnama	kúnam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	kúno	kúni	kúne
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	kúni	kúnah	kúnah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	kúno	kúnama	kúnami

• “kuna”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuna/ [ˈku.na]
• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: ku‧na

kuna f (plural kunas)

1. kuna

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

-kuna (infinitive kukuna)

1. to scrape, scratch
2. to grate, shred

Conjugation of -kuna
Positive present -nakuna Subjunctive -kune Negative -kuni Imperative singular kuna
Infinitives
Positive kukuna Negative kutokuna
Imperatives
Singular kuna Plural kuneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukuna Positive past positive subject concord + -likuna Negative past negative subject concord + -kukuna
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakuna) Singular Plural 1st person ninakuna/nakuna tunakuna 2nd person unakuna mnakuna 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakuna wanakuna other classes positive subject concord + -nakuna
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kuni) Singular Plural 1st person sikuni hatukuni 2nd person hukuni hamkuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakuni hawakuni other classes negative subject concord + -kuni
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuna Negative future negative subject concord + -takuna
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kune) Singular Plural 1st person nikune tukune 2nd person ukune mkune 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akune wakune other classes positive subject concord + -kune
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikune Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuna Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuna Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuna Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuna
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akuna) Singular Plural 1st person nakuna twakuna 2nd person wakuna mwakuna 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akuna wakuna m-mi(III/IV) wakuna yakuna ji-ma(V/VI) lakuna yakuna ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakuna vyakuna n(IX/X) yakuna zakuna u(XI) wakuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakuna pa(XVI) pakuna mu(XVIII) mwakuna
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuna "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuna "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakuna "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikuna "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuna Consecutive kakuna / positive subject concord + -kakuna Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakune
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikuna -tukuna 2nd person -kukuna -wakuna/-kukuneni/-wakuneni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkuna -wakuna m-mi(III/IV) -ukuna -ikuna ji-ma(V/VI) -likuna -yakuna ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikuna -vikuna n(IX/X) -ikuna -zikuna u(XI) -ukuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukuna pa(XVI) -pakuna mu(XVIII) -mukuna Reflexive -jikuna
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kuna- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kunaye -kunao m-mi(III/IV) -kunao -kunayo ji-ma(V/VI) -kunalo -kunayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kunacho -kunavyo n(IX/X) -kunayo -kunazo u(XI) -kunao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kunako pa(XVI) -kunapo mu(XVIII) -kunamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kuna) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekuna -okuna m-mi(III/IV) -okuna -yokuna ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuna -yokuna ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuna -vyokuna n(IX/X) -yokuna -zokuna u(XI) -okuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokuna pa(XVI) -pokuna mu(XVIII) -mokuna
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

kuna

1. inflection of -wa na:
   1. ku class subject inflected present affirmative
   2. ku locative class subject inflected present affirmative
   3. (in a distant or indefinite location): there is/are

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kūnà.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuna/
• Rhymes: -una
• Hyphenation: ku‧na
• Syllabification: ku‧na

kuna f

1. marten

• “kuna”, in Mudra corpus [Upper Sorbian–Czech dictionary] (in Czech), 2024–2026
• “kuna” in Soblex

Akin to Karelian kunne.

kuna

1. to where, whither (interrogative)

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “куда”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[6], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

From Proto-Ngayarda *kuna , from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

kuna

1. excrement, dung

• Barry Alpher (2004), “Proto-Pama-Nyungan Etyma”, in Claire Bowern, Harold Koch, editors, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, section 5.1, pages 439–42

From kù +‎ ọ̀nà (“path”).

• IPA^(key): /kù.nã̀/

kùnà

1. (transitive, intransitive) to miss (the way or mark), to go in the wrong direction

   Synonym: ṣìnà

2. (intransitive) to fail (in one's attempt)

• ìkùnà (“failure, the act of missing”)
• akùnà (“a failure”)

• àìyege (“lack of success”)

From Proto-Cariban *tuna.

kuna

1. water

• Sergio Meira, Primeras observaciones sobre la lengua yukpa (2005) (as kuna)
• The Languages of the Andes (2004, Willem F. H. Adelaar, Pieter C. Muysken) (as kúna)