Log management

This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Log management" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Log management is the process of generating, transmitting, storing, accessing, and disposing of log data. Log data (or logs) is composed of entries (records), and each entry contains information related to a specific event that occurred within an organization's computing assets, including physical and virtual platforms, networks, services, and cloud environments.^[1] Logging events and logging transactions can help form an audit trail.

The process of log management generally breaks down into:^[2]

• Log collection - a process of capturing actual data from log files, application standard output stream (stdout), network socket and other sources.
• Log aggregation (centralization) - a process of putting all the log data together in a single place for the sake of further analysis or/and retention.
• Log storage and retention - a process of handling large volumes of log data according to corporate or regulatory policies (compliance).
• Log monitoring and log analysis - a process that helps operations and security team to handle system performance issues and security incidents

The primary drivers for log management implementations are concerns about security,^[3] system and network operations (such as system or network administration) and regulatory compliance. Logs are generated by nearly every computing device, and can often be directed to different locations both on a local file system or remote system.

Effectively analyzing large volumes of diverse logs can pose many challenges, such as:

• Volume: log data can reach hundreds of gigabytes of data per day for a large organization. Simply collecting, centralizing and storing data at this volume can be challenging.
• Normalization: logs are produced in multiple formats. The process of normalization is designed to provide a common output for analysis from diverse sources.
• Velocity: The speed at which logs are produced from devices can make collection and aggregation difficult
• Veracity: Log events may not be accurate. This is especially problematic for systems that perform detection, such as intrusion detection systems.

Users and potential users of log management may purchase complete commercial tools or build their own log-management and intelligence tools, assembling the functionality from various open-source components, or acquire (sub-)systems from commercial vendors. Log management is a complicated process and organizations often make mistakes while approaching it.^[4]

Logging can produce technical information usable for the maintenance of applications or websites. It can serve:

• to define whether a reported bug is actually a bug
• to help analyze, reproduce and solve bugs
• to help test new features in a development stage

Organizations can use different log-analyzers for analyzing the logs of devices in the security perimeter, typically aiming to identify patterns of attack on the perimeter infrastructure of the organization. Organizations may mandate logging to identify the access and usage of confidential data within the security perimeter.

A log analyzer can also track and monitor the performance and availability of systems at the level of the enterprise, especially of those information assets whose availability organizations regard as vital. Organizations may integrate the logs of various business applications into an enterprise log manager for a better value proposition.

• Common Base Event
• Common Log Format
• Data logging
• Log management knowledge base
• Logging as a service
• Observability (software)
• Security information and event management
• Syslog
• Web log analysis software

• Chris MacKinnon: "LMI In The Enterprise". Processor November 18, 2005, Vol.27 Issue 46, page 33. Online at http://www.processor.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles%2Fp2746%2F09p46%2F09p46.asp, retrieved 2007-09-10
• MITRE: Common Event Expression (CEE) Proposed Log Standard. Online at http://cee.mitre.org, retrieved 2010-03-03

• InfoWorld review and comparison of commercial Log Management products