Crime in Ghana

Ghana had a murder rate of 1.68 per 100,000 population in 2011.^[2]

Ghana is a country of origin, transit, and destination for women and children subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labor and forced prostitution.^[3] The nonconsensual exploitation of Ghanaian citizens, particularly children, is more common than the trafficking of foreign migrants.^[3] The movement of internally trafficked children is either from rural to urban areas, or from one rural area to another, as from farming to fishing communities.^[3]

Ghanaian boys and girls are subjected to conditions of forced labor within Ghana in fishing, domestic servitude, street hawking, begging, portering, and agriculture.^[3] Ghanaian girls, and to a lesser extent boys, are subjected to commercial sexual exploitation within Ghana.^[3]

Women and girls from China, Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso have been subjected to forced prostitution after arriving in Ghana.^[3] Citizens from other West African countries are subjected to forced labor in Ghana in agriculture or involuntary domestic servitude.^[3] Trafficking victims endure extremes of harsh treatment, including long hours, debt bondage, lack of pay, physical risks, and sexual abuse.^[3]

Domestic violence is prevalent in Ghana,^[4] owing in part to a deep cultural belief that it is socially acceptable for men to discipline their wives physically.^[5][6][7][8] Around one in three women in Ghana experience domestic violence.^[9]

In 2007 the Ghanaian government created the Domestic Violence Act in an attempt to reduce violence against women.^[10] The act encountered significant resistance from cultural conservatives and local religious leaders who believed that such a law would undermine traditional African values, and that Western values were being implemented into law.^[11][12][13]

Galamseyers are illegal gold miners.^[14] Their activities have depleted Ghana's forest cover and caused water pollution, due to the crude and unregulated nature of the mining process.^[14] In 2017, Operation Vanguard was launched to curb illegal artisanal mining in Ghana.

Sakawa is a Ghanaian term for illegal practices which combine modern Internet-based fraud with African traditionalist rituals.^[15] The rituals, which are mostly in the form of sacrifices, are intended to spiritually manipulate victims so that the scammer's fraud is successful.^{[16][17][18][19][20]}