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{{Short description|Style in which people dress their dogs}}
[[File:Petcon (81243)a.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Two bulldogs in costume at PetCon 2018 in New York]]
'''Dog fashion''' is a popular style or practice, especially in canine clothing and [[Fashion accessory|accessories]]. Dog [[fashion]] is a distinctive [[Market trend|trend]] of the style in which people dress their canine companions. This trend dates back to the [[Egypt]]ian predynastic period and has since expanded due to increased [[consumer capitalism]]. Other animals such as cats may also wear fashion.<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
There is evidence from ancient Egypt that people were using decorative [[Collar (animal)|collars]] to adorn their dogs. One collar was discovered in the [[tomb]] of the ancient Egyptian nobleman Maihar Piri in 1440 BC. It depicts hunting scenes embossed into [[leather]]. The dog's name, Tantanuit, is visible on the collar. He was a favorite dog of the nobleman who wished to bring him to the afterlife.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://archive.org/details/guidemuseecaire00masp |title=Guide du Visiteur au Musée du Caire |author= Maspero, G |date= 1902 |publisher= Le Caire, Imprimerie de L'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale|access-date=2015-03-12 }}</ref> There are also [[silver]], [[gold]], [[silk]] and [[velvet]] decorative dog collars from the time of [[King Henry VIII]] which were used to represent how many battles the dog survived.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SA7A89d0W2YC&q=alison+weir+the+magnificent+excellent+triumphant+court&pg=PA24 |title=Henry VIII: King and Court |author=Weir, Alison |date=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=9781446449233 |access-date=2015-03-13 |archive-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531024124/https://books.google.com/books?id=SA7A89d0W2YC&q=alison+weir+the+magnificent+excellent+triumphant+court&pg=PA24 |url-status=live }}</ref>
During the [[Renaissance]], dogs were seen as objects of possession and thus collars were fitted with [[padlocks]] where only the owner of the dog had the key. Nobility and the upper class have been decorating their canine companions for centuries and there is photographic evidence from 1900 of people dressing their dogs in human costumes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/10/portraits-of-bulldogs-vintage-photos-costume_n_1764305.html |title=Portraits of Bulldogs: Vintage pictures of dogs in costumes from the early 1900s |author=Gates, Sara |date=October 8, 2012 |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |access-date=2015-03-12 |archive-date=2015-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416034929/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/10/portraits-of-bulldogs-vintage-photos-costume_n_1764305.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Today, it is common for people to dress up their dogs, particularly small dogs, and canine clothing has become a global [[phenomenon]]. In 2011, there was a dog fashion show in New York called Last Bark at Bryant Park.<ref name="Nypost">{{cite web |url=https://nypost.com/2010/04/13/dogs-strut-their-stuff-in-last-bark-at-bryant-park/ |title=Dogs Strut Their Stuff in Last Bark at Bryant Park |author=Post Staff Report |date=April 13, 2010 |publisher=NYPost.com |access-date=2015-03-12 |archive-date=2015-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403194210/http://nypost.com/2010/04/13/dogs-strut-their-stuff-in-last-bark-at-bryant-park/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dog fashion and style has been greatly influenced with the advent of the internet.<ref name="Darian">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pd9ZAwAAQBAJ&q=dog+clothing&pg=PT24 |title=50 dog articles'  |author= Darian, Nichols|date=April 14, 2014  |publisher=Bookpubber |access-date=2015-03-12 }}</ref> New professions have arisen driven by consumer capitalism, such as the pet style expert.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://darafoster.com/ |title=Dara Foster-Pet Style Expert |author=Foster, Dara |access-date=2015-03-12 |archive-date=2003-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031031013440/http://darafoster.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Clothing ==
[[File:Lily, the Maltipoo, dressed in her Halloween costume..jpg|thumb|right|Dog dressed as a [[Houston Texans|Texans]] cheerleader as a Halloween costume]]
Dog clothes are available in various price ranges, from inexpensive to high-end designer styles. Typically toy and small [[Dog breed|breeds of dogs]], such as [[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahuas]] and [[Yorkshire Terrier|Yorkshire Terriers]], are dressed in dog clothes, although even large breeds like [[Golden Retriever]]s can wear clothes, too. It is more common to dress small dogs because they are easier to dress and they often suffer from cold temperatures. Dog clothes are made to be either functional or for show. Functional dog clothes are for protection from the elements and [[allergens]]. Dog clothes that are purely for show would be used as costumes for holidays and special occasions, such as Halloween or weddings.

[[File:Westiepoo_wearing_coat.jpg|thumb|right|A hooded [[gilet]] designed to be worn by small dogs]]
Dog [[Coat (clothing)|coats]] are most commonly used for protection against rain and cold and to provide extra warmth. Dog coats are also used as fashion accessories.

Dog [[sweaters]] are both functional and fashion accessories. They provide extra warmth for dogs that are hairless or suffer from the cold and come in an array of patterns and styles, such as cable knitted sweaters or [[Hoodie|hooded sweatshirts]] with embellishments.

[[File:Hairless Dog in T-Shirt.jpg|thumb|A hairless dog wearing an adapted human [[polo shirt]] for protection]]
Dog shirts can be used to help keep a dog clean and as fashion accessories.  They can also be used to help protect a dog who is excessively scratching itself due to allergies or prevent [[hairless dogs]] from getting sunburned.  They are available in a [[t-shirt]] style with short or long sleeves as well as a sleeveless tank top for use during warmer weather.

Dog dresses are purely fashion accessories and are mainly worn on toy and small breeds of dogs.<ref name="Darian" />

Dog tuxedos also exist. Some people may involve dogs in formal-wear at their weddings, whether in photos, parties, or at the ceremony itself. There has been at least one documented case of a dog serving as the owner's best man.<ref>{{Cite web|last=david|first=jiang|title=KUOSER DOG TUXEDO|url=https://www.kuoser.com/collections/dog-tuxedo|url-status=live|access-date=April 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411063629/https://www.kuoser.com/collections/dog-tuxedo |archive-date=2021-04-11 }}</ref>
Dog hats are an alternative to clothes if dogs get too warm wearing garments. Dog hats can be worn for warmth or for aesthetics. One hat trend has holes for pointy eared dogs. This allows owners to dress up their dog without disguising the breed.

== Fashion shows ==
There is a clear distinction between pet shows<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londonpetshow.co.uk |title=The London Pet Show |access-date=2015-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318174354/http://www.londonpetshow.co.uk/ |archive-date=2015-03-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and pet [[fashion shows]]. The pet fashion show's emphasis is on the clothes, not on the dog. In countries all over the world, pet fashion shows are becoming increasingly popular.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newyorkpetfashionshow.com/ |title=New York Pet Fashion Show |access-date=2015-03-12 |archive-date=2015-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319110328/http://www.newyorkpetfashionshow.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/afp-pets-dress-to-the-nines-at-ny-fashion-week-2015-2?r=US |title=Cats and dogs decked out for the pet version of New York Fashion Week |author=Dusseau, Brigitte |date=February 13, 2015 |work=Business Insider |access-date=2015-03-12 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091321/http://uk.businessinsider.com/afp-pets-dress-to-the-nines-at-ny-fashion-week-2015-2?r=US |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldspitalfieldsmarket.com/events/old-spitalfields-paw-pageant-2014 |title=Old Spitalfields Paw Pageant 2014 |publisher=Old Spitalfields Market |access-date=2015-03-12 |archive-date=2015-04-17 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150417185209/http://www.oldspitalfieldsmarket.com/events/old-spitalfields-paw-pageant-2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/dog-fashion-show/%22 |title=Dog Fashion Show |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=2015-03-12 |archive-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531024126/https://www.huffpost.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> During these shows, well [[Dog grooming|groomed]] pets strut down the runway wearing high fashion clothes. Some well known designers such as [[Alexander Wang (designer)|Alexander Wang]] have designed outfits for dogs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alexanderwang.com/ |title=Alexander Wang |access-date=2015-03-12 |archive-date=2015-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314132809/http://www.alexanderwang.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Anthony Rubio]], a New York designer, was the first to hold a canine fashion show at [[New York Fashion Week]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jensen|first=Tasia|date=2019-09-08|title=The Top Dogs of New York Fashion Week, in Anthony Rubio's Stunning 'Canine Couture'|language=|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-top-dogs-of-new-york-fashion-week-in-anthony-rubios-stunning-canine-couture|access-date=2021-09-14|archive-date=2021-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914004711/https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-top-dogs-of-new-york-fashion-week-in-anthony-rubios-stunning-canine-couture|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Designer fashions ==
Dog coats, collars, cute sweaters, [[shirts]], stylish [[dresses]], and [[bootee|booties]] are some of the items people purchase to adorn their dogs with style.<ref name="Darian" /> Some major international fashion retailers such as [[Ralph Lauren]] have launched their own canine clothing lines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ralphlauren.com/family/index.jsp?categoryId=2098657 |title=Ralph Lauren |access-date=2015-03-13 |archive-date=2015-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318053446/http://www.ralphlauren.com/family/index.jsp?categoryId=2098657 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Louis Vuitton]] has a line of leashes and collars for dogs with their trademark LV pattern.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://us.louisvuitton.com/eng-us/men/small-leather-goods/pet-accessories|title=Louis Vuitton: Pet accessories|access-date=2015-03-13|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327094208/http://us.louisvuitton.com/eng-us/men/small-leather-goods/pet-accessories|archive-date=2015-03-27}}</ref> [[Swarovski]] also has a line of collars and leashes for dogs with crystals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dogcollarsboutique.com/Swarovski-Crystal-p-1-c-64.html |title=Swarovski Crystal Collar |access-date=2015-03-13 |archive-date=2015-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325033532/http://www.dogcollarsboutique.com/Swarovski-Crystal-p-1-c-64.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Statistics ==
The canine fashion industry has become a multi-billion dollar business<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16943314 |title=Why do people dress up their pets? |date=February 8, 2012 |magazine=BBC News Magazine |access-date=2015-03-13 |archive-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531024126/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16943314 |url-status=live }}</ref> set to top £30 billion in 2015.  In the US, expenditure on pet supplies, including clothing, has been steadily increasing for the last twenty years with 2014 estimated spending at $13.72 billion. As of 2014, an estimated 26.7 million US households owned a dog, and an estimated 83.3 million dogs were kept as pets in the [[United States]]. The dog fashion industry is projected to continually grow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp |title=Pet Industry Market Size & Ownership Statistics |publisher=American Pet Products Association |access-date=2015-03-13 |archive-date=2021-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309131043/https://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, the pet apparel market was valued at $5.7 billion, with dog owners accounting for the majority of sales.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Trebay |first=Guy |date=2023-01-12 |title=Men's Wear Puts on the Dog |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/style/mens-wear-puts-on-the-dog.html |access-date=2023-01-16 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2023-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116004810/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/style/mens-wear-puts-on-the-dog.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Sociological perspective ==
Humans typically have deep attachments to their dogs because dogs are adept at fulfilling emotionally supportive roles in people's lives which results in high levels of attachment. Dog owners who are single, childless, newly married, empty nesters, divorced, or in a second marriage tend to anthropomorphize their pets more often. Dogs can be emotional substitutes for family members such as children and spouses and they contribute to the moral maintenance of people who live alone.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=352019|title=Pet Families and the Life Course |first1=Alexa|last1=Albert|first2=Kris|last2=Bulcroft|date=May 1998 |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=543–552 |journal=Journal of Marriage and Family |doi=10.2307/352019 }}</ref>

Dogs have become increasingly important and treated as unique individuals. In a world where people are increasingly disconnected from their families, they rely more on their [[pets]], specifically dogs, to fill emotional voids. Pets have become a relatively easy and lovable replacement for children or a strong community.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/10/15/pets-dogs-cats-forbes-woman-time-children.html |title=The Pet Culture |author=Goudreau, Jenna |date=October 15, 2009 |work=Forbes |access-date=2015-03-13 |archive-date=2015-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407052106/http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/15/pets-dogs-cats-forbes-woman-time-children.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Humans have been dependent on animals as sources of companionship and artistic inspiration since the [[Paleolithic period]], and animals have continued to mold the shape of human culture and psychology ever since.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tSs2yV_F4n0C&q=pet+culture+sociology&pg=PA1 |title=Companion Animals and Us |first1=Anthony L. |last1=Podberscek |first2=Elizabeth S. |last2=Paul |first3=James A. |last3=Serpell |date=2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521017718 |access-date=2015-03-13 |archive-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531024127/https://books.google.com/books?id=tSs2yV_F4n0C&q=pet+culture+sociology&pg=PA1#v=snippet&q=pet%20culture%20sociology&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Consumer capitalism viewpoint ===
Increasing affluence means that more people can spend resources on items that are not necessary, like clothes and [[costumes]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqMcBQAAQBAJ&q=pets+consumerism&pg=PA89|title=Sociology and Personal Life |first=May |last=Vanessa |date=2011 |publisher=London: Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=9780230344211 |access-date=2015-03-13 }}</ref>

People express themselves through fashion.  As Georg Simmel says, "Style is the manifestation of our inner feelings and through style we demonstrate our taste, values, and status. We project all of those qualities onto our dogs when we dress them."<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://sites.middlebury.edu/individualandthesociety/files/2010/09/Simmel.fashion.pdf |title=Fashion |author=Simmel, Georg |date=May 1957 |journal=The American Journal of Sociology |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=541–558 |doi=10.1086/222102 |s2cid=222424000 |access-date=2015-03-13 |archive-date=2015-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615202839/http://sites.middlebury.edu/individualandthesociety/files/2010/09/Simmel.fashion.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The appearance of a dog reflects the status of the owner: dressing a dog is more about the owner than the animal. When an owner dresses up their dog they establish a unique bond with the dog that places them at an even more personal and intimate level.<ref name="Darian" />

== Media ==

Dogs are often shown in movies dressed up in clothing and costumes. This reflects the contemporary trend of dog fashion. In films such as ''[[Oliver and Company]]'', one of the characters is a female dog, Georgette, who indulges in luxury fashion and wears leopard print scarves, big hats, and jeweled collars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095776/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1|title=Oliver & Company|publisher=IMDb|access-date=2015-03-13|archive-date=2015-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308031527/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095776/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Petcon (81092)a.jpg|thumb|Two chihuahuas wearing clothing.]]
In the [[Disney]] film ''[[Beverly Hills Chihuahua]]'', a family of chihuahuas portray small dogs wearing clothes including sunglasses, hats, shirts, dresses, jeweled collars, and bandanas. In one scene, a wedding takes place between two dogs where the female dog wears a bridal gown and the male dog groom wears a tuxedo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1482393/?ref_=nv_sr_3|title=Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 |publisher=IMDb |access-date=2015-03-13}}</ref>

A popular trend in various kids films, dogs are shown with the capability of human speech and dressed up in human clothing while remaining quadrupedal. An example of this would be [[Air Bud|''Air Bud'' (1997)]]. The film centers around an escaped circus dog turned adopted stray that is taken to a basketball court and is discovered to have incredible talent in the sport.<ref>{{Citation |title=Air Bud (1997) - IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118570/plotsummary |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927064946/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118570/plotsummary |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout the film, the dog is shown in various human outfits and attire.

== See also ==
*[[Collar (animal)]]
*[[Fashion show]]
*[[Georg Simmel]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Dogs wearing clothes}}
* {{citation |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-34357640 |date=25 September 2015 |title='Pope dogs' craze triggered by papal visit }}

[[Category:Dog equipment]]

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