Abstract
After several decades, therapeutic cancer vaccines now show signs of efficacy and potential to help patients resistant to other standard-of-care immunotherapies, but they have yet to realize their full potential and expand the oncologic armamentarium. Here, we classify cancer vaccines by what is known of the included antigens, which tumors express those antigens and where the antigens colocalize with antigen-presenting cells, thus delineating predefined vaccines (shared or personalized) and anonymous vaccines (ex vivo or in situ). To expedite clinical development, we highlight the need for accurate immune monitoring of early trials to acknowledge failures and advance the most promising vaccines.
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Acknowledgements
J.S.-A. was supported by fellowships from the Swedish Research Council (2017-00565) and the Swedish Society for Medical Research (SSMF) (P16-0026). The other authors have no funding sources relevant to the preparation of this text to declare.
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J.D.B. reports non-financial support from Kite–Gilead during the conduct of the study, grants from Merck, Genentech, BMS, Kite–Gilead, Acerta, Seattle Genetics and Pharmacyclics and grants from Janssen outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
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Lin, M.J., Svensson-Arvelund, J., Lubitz, G.S. et al. Cancer vaccines: the next immunotherapy frontier. Nat Cancer 3, 911–926 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-022-00418-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-022-00418-6
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