This is a partial duplicate of an issue you already filed: https://bugs.python.org/issue47121 where math.isfinite(10**1000) raises an OverflowError even though it type checks.

Here was one of the comments:
"""
Types relationships are useful for verifying which methods are available, but they don't make promises about the range of valid values.  For example math.sqrt(float) -> float promises which types are acceptable but doesn't promise that negative inputs won't raise an exception.  Likewise, "n: int=10; len(range(n))" is type correct but will raise an OverflowError for "n = 10**100".
"""